Photo credits

The pictures on Footnoted are public domain, CC0 or Creative Commons Attribution images. We found them on Wikimedia Commons and through Openverse, resized and cropped them, and link each one to its original page below with its author and licence.

Pictures illustrate a topic; they are not sources. The facts on each page come from the references listed at its foot. People shown in modern photographs are models or passers-by with no connection to the subjects discussed; the 1914 photograph is a historical record of the truce itself. No product or brand is endorsed.

Pictures by page

• The Largest Empires in History: map of the Roman Empire at its greatest extent under Trajan. Map: Joyfulmapper / Wikimedia Commons (CC0 1.0).
• Holy Roman Emperors: the throne of Charlemagne in the upper gallery of Aachen Cathedral. Photo: Gerda Arendt / Wikimedia Commons (CC0 1.0).
• The Christmas Truce of 1914: British and German troops meeting in no man's land, December 1914 (Imperial War Museum Q 50719). Photo: Harold Burge Robson / Wikimedia Commons (public domain).
• The Longest Rivers in Africa: the Nile at Aswan with feluccas under sail. Photo: Warren LeMay / Wikimedia Commons (CC0 1.0).
• The Largest Lakes in the World: Lake Superior seen from the International Space Station. Photo: NASA / Wikimedia Commons (public domain).
• The Giant Asian Hornet: two northern giant hornets on tree bark. Photo: LiCheng Shih / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0).
• Hairless Dog Breeds: a hairless Chinese Crested standing on a lawn. Photo: Tommy Gildseth / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 3.0).
• Bones of the Body: engraving of a human skeleton seen from the front, resting on a spade. Image: Wellcome Collection / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 4.0); placed on a plain background to fit the page format.
• The Central Nervous System: wax model of a human brain, Europe, 1801–1850. Image: Wellcome Collection / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 4.0).
• How Did Halloween Start?: a carved jack-o'-lantern glowing in smoke. Photo: brenkee / Flickr (CC0 1.0), via Openverse.
• Hand Gestures Around the World: a hand making the OK sign in front of a mountain. Photo: Artem Beliaikin / Flickr (CC0 1.0), via Openverse.

Pictures under a Creative Commons Attribution licence may be reused under the same licence, crediting the author as above. If you are the author of one of these pictures and see a mistake in its credit, please tell the publisher listed on the legal notice.